Amorphous silicon solar cells is the mid-20th century, 70 developed a new type of thin film solar cells, compared with other solar cells, amorphous silicon cells have the following salient features:
1.) Simple fabrication process, while in the preparation of amorphous silicon thin film pin structure can be produced.
3.) Amorphous silicon solar cell substrate material can be glass, stainless steel, which cost little.
4). Can be designed into a variety of forms, the use of integrated structure, get a higher output voltage and photoelectric conversion efficiency.
5). SiH4 silane film material is decomposed by glow discharge, etc., and raw material prices low.
1. Amorphous silicon solar cell structure, principle and preparation methods
Amorphous silicon solar cells based on glass, stainless steel and special plastic substrate of the thin film solar cells.
To reduce series resistance, usually with lasers TCO film, amorphous silicon (A-si) film and aluminum (Al) electrode membranes were cut into strips, shown in Figure 2. Article international standards adopted in width 1cm, called a sub-cell, with the way the internal connections to link up the various sub-cells, so the output current integrated battery battery current for each child, the total output voltage for each sub-cell series voltage. In practice, according to current and voltage need to select the cell structure and size, made of amorphous silicon solar cells.
1.1 Work
The working principle of amorphous silicon solar cells are based on the photovoltaic effect of semiconductors. When the sun light shines on the battery, the battery absorbs light generated electron – hole pairs in the battery built-in electric field under the effect of Vb, the light is separated electrons and holes, holes drift to the P side, electron drift to the N side, the formation of photo-electromotive force VL, VL and built-in potential Vb Conversely, when VL = Vb, the balance; IL = 0, VL reached the maximum, called the open circuit voltage Voc; when connected to the external circuit, then form the largest light current, called short-circuit current Isc, then VL = 0; when adding the external circuit load, the voltage VL to maintain a light and light current IL.
Amorphous silicon solar cell conversion efficiency is defined as:
Pi is the incident light to the battery’s total power density, Isc is the short circuit current density, FF the fill factor for the battery, Voc is the open circuit voltage, Im and Vm are the maximum output power density of batteries work under the current density and voltage.
Currently, the sub-cell open circuit voltage between about 0.8V-0.9V, Isc reached 13mA/cm2, FF in between 0.7-0.8, η 12% or more.
Since the energy distribution of the solar spectrum in the wide, main part of the 0.3μm-1.5μm wavelength range of composition. Any existing semiconductor material can only absorb energy higher than the photon energy gap, the band only in a limited amount of solar energy conversion, so the single-junction solar cells can not be fully effective use of solar energy. Sub-band spectrum with laminated solar cell structure is effectively improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency is one effective method, but also a major trend. Current conventional laminated battery structure a-Si/a-SiGe, a-Si / a -Si/a-SiGe, a-Si/a-SiGe/a-SiGe, a-SiC/a-Si/a-SiGe and so on.
1.2 Preparation of amorphous silicon solar cells
Figure 5 is a diagram of preparation of amorphous silicon solar cells, the silane (SiH4) gas into the vacuum and other raw materials remain in the 10-1000Pa the reaction chamber, as the radio frequency (RF) electric field, resulting in a glow discharge, feed gas is broken down In glass or stainless steel substrate to form amorphous silicon thin film materials. At this point if the feed gas in the mixed borane (B2H6) that is able to generate P-type silicon, mixed with phosphine (PH3) that is able to produce N-type amorphous silicon. Transform raw materials using only the method of gas can be generated pin junction, causing the battery. In order to obtain good reproducibility, good performance of solar cells, to avoid the reaction chamber wall and the electrode on the incorporation of impurities remaining in the battery, are generally isolated from the continuous use of manufacturing the plasma reaction device, the p, i, n layers are dedicated The reaction chamber deposition.
2. The application of amorphous silicon solar cells
Application of amorphous silicon solar cell market has two aspects: one is low light battery market, such as calculators, watches, working under fluorescent micro-power electronics; the second is power and power applications. If too
Solar Energy Radio, sun hat, garden lights, microwave relay stations, air navigation signals, weather monitoring and PV water pumps, household power supplies.
With the stability of amorphous silicon cell efficiency and continuous improvement in the continuous expansion of production scale, a sharp drop in the cost of promoting a wider range of amorphous silicon solar cells and more large-scale application.
How to make amorphous silicon solar cells?
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How to make amorphous silicon solar cells?
Amorphous silicon solar cells is the mid-20th century, 70 developed a new type of thin film solar cells, compared with other solar cells, amorphous silicon cells have the following salient features:
1.) Simple fabrication process, while in the preparation of amorphous silicon thin film pin structure can be produced.
2.) Continuous, large-scale, automated production.
3.) Amorphous silicon solar cell substrate material can be glass, stainless steel, which cost little.
4). Can be designed into a variety of forms, the use of integrated structure, get a higher output voltage and photoelectric conversion efficiency.
5). SiH4 silane film material is decomposed by glow discharge, etc., and raw material prices low.
1. Amorphous silicon solar cell structure, principle and preparation methods
Amorphous silicon solar cells based on glass, stainless steel and special plastic substrate of the thin film solar cells.
To reduce series resistance, usually with lasers TCO film, amorphous silicon (A-si) film and aluminum (Al) electrode membranes were cut into strips, shown in Figure 2. Article international standards adopted in width 1cm, called a sub-cell, with the way the internal connections to link up the various sub-cells, so the output current integrated battery battery current for each child, the total output voltage for each sub-cell series voltage. In practice, according to current and voltage need to select the cell structure and size, made of amorphous silicon solar cells.
1.1 Work
The working principle of amorphous silicon solar cells are based on the photovoltaic effect of semiconductors. When the sun light shines on the battery, the battery absorbs light generated electron – hole pairs in the battery built-in electric field under the effect of Vb, the light is separated electrons and holes, holes drift to the P side, electron drift to the N side, the formation of photo-electromotive force VL, VL and built-in potential Vb Conversely, when VL = Vb, the balance; IL = 0, VL reached the maximum, called the open circuit voltage Voc; when connected to the external circuit, then form the largest light current, called short-circuit current Isc, then VL = 0; when adding the external circuit load, the voltage VL to maintain a light and light current IL.
Amorphous silicon solar cell conversion efficiency is defined as:
Pi is the incident light to the battery’s total power density, Isc is the short circuit current density, FF the fill factor for the battery, Voc is the open circuit voltage, Im and Vm are the maximum output power density of batteries work under the current density and voltage.
Currently, the sub-cell open circuit voltage between about 0.8V-0.9V, Isc reached 13mA/cm2, FF in between 0.7-0.8, η 12% or more.
Since the energy distribution of the solar spectrum in the wide, main part of the 0.3μm-1.5μm wavelength range of composition. Any existing semiconductor material can only absorb energy higher than the photon energy gap, the band only in a limited amount of solar energy conversion, so the single-junction solar cells can not be fully effective use of solar energy. Sub-band spectrum with laminated solar cell structure is effectively improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency is one effective method, but also a major trend. Current conventional laminated battery structure a-Si/a-SiGe, a-Si / a -Si/a-SiGe, a-Si/a-SiGe/a-SiGe, a-SiC/a-Si/a-SiGe and so on.
1.2 Preparation of amorphous silicon solar cells
Figure 5 is a diagram of preparation of amorphous silicon solar cells, the silane (SiH4) gas into the vacuum and other raw materials remain in the 10-1000Pa the reaction chamber, as the radio frequency (RF) electric field, resulting in a glow discharge, feed gas is broken down In glass or stainless steel substrate to form amorphous silicon thin film materials. At this point if the feed gas in the mixed borane (B2H6) that is able to generate P-type silicon, mixed with phosphine (PH3) that is able to produce N-type amorphous silicon. Transform raw materials using only the method of gas can be generated pin junction, causing the battery. In order to obtain good reproducibility, good performance of solar cells, to avoid the reaction chamber wall and the electrode on the incorporation of impurities remaining in the battery, are generally isolated from the continuous use of manufacturing the plasma reaction device, the p, i, n layers are dedicated The reaction chamber deposition.
2. The application of amorphous silicon solar cells
Application of amorphous silicon solar cell market has two aspects: one is low light battery market, such as calculators, watches, working under fluorescent micro-power electronics; the second is power and power applications. If too
Solar Energy Radio, sun hat, garden lights, microwave relay stations, air navigation signals, weather monitoring and PV water pumps, household power supplies.
With the stability of amorphous silicon cell efficiency and continuous improvement in the continuous expansion of production scale, a sharp drop in the cost of promoting a wider range of amorphous silicon solar cells and more large-scale application.