This post describes the three stages from the development of the Japanese optoelectronics, photovoltaic development in understanding some reference.
First, the optical stage of development in Japan
The first phase of the first oil crisis, the Japanese MITI formulated in 1974 to develop solar-based renewable energy technology research and development on behalf of oil and long-term planning, the famous Sunshine. Objectives in terms of photovoltaic cells used in aerospace technology that is transplanted to the ground to apply. Unpleasant early progress, only the mature technology of silicon, polycrystalline silicon cells used in the household calculator, light beacon and the island arc of the supplementary supply of diesel power generation, etc.. Then place the second oil crisis has strengthened its development of a sense of urgency, so they started NEDO (formerly New Energy Development Organization, now renamed the New Energy and Industrial Technology agency) is responsible for one-stop management of the optoelectronics industry, the government has increased under the conditions of development funds to accelerate the industrialization of photovoltaic cell technology development: (a) continue to develop improved photoelectric conversion efficiency of the new materials, new technology that the long-term services; (b) greatly reduce the cost for new materials, new technology hair, to create the basic conditions to accelerate industrialization; (c) actively supporting the development of batteries, rectifiers and grid connection technology; (d) After the above conditions are basically pass through the large variety of practical verification demonstration project to the long-term It is running in order to identify problems and improvements, such as the focus of power engineering, the top ten power companies are involved, the largest one of 300kWH.
In the above-mentioned policy measures, driven by the production cost of photovoltaic cells have a lot of progress and technology. Such as the 1998 in Beijing, Tao, Sharp and Sanyo Electric-based photovoltaic industry production reached 12.8MWP, more than the U.S. 1.7MWP door to the world. The price per WP 1979 also increased from 2-3 million yen fell to 800 yen. Photoelectric conversion efficiency were improved, such as polycrystalline silicon substrate by the cast in 1984 to 12.7% to 15.7% in 1998, 1985, amorphous silicon also increased from 8.25% to 10.1% in 1998.
The second stage, from 1988 -1994, the required 20% lower and lower prices for widely used in telecommunications, street lamps and outdoor clocks and other small power supply. At the same time due to social environmental awareness, people called for the early access to clean the optical, an independent power supply in the power companies on the success of demonstration projects, in addition to expanded to parks, schools, hospitals, exhibition halls and other public facilities, pilot demonstration project, the also a huge market for timely implementation of the residential application of photovoltaic roof demonstration project, and ended in 1993, proved that the basic technology has been through, the key is the economy. Technology development in the species, there is also a lot of progress, basically reached the international advanced level. But a large number of independent power demonstration project is also acceptance in 1993, new orders much, so the inverse output in 1994 dropped by the U.S. in 1992, over and relegated to second.
The third phase of the development of the new 1993 plan is still the photoelectric daylight as a key project. Optical technology has reached a preliminary analysis of the application level, but the price is too high to become the key factors affect the application. To this end, the development focus should be on reducing the cost of cheap and efficient photovoltaic materials and technology, while expanding the scale of production that the main condition is to reduce costs. In view of the world in 1992, after UNCED, the public to reduce CO2 and other issues of importance and Industry decided in 1994, the implementation of preferential policies for residential photovoltaic systems, that each household preferential policies for residential PV systems, which for each household residential photovoltaic systems (including rectifiers, batteries and grid-connected systems) use (including construction costs) total cost of subsidies 1 / 2, the housing construction business has also adopted the same benefits, thereby contributing to the residential photoelectric promotion. Although this section of the Japanese economic bubble burst in the post-recession period, the resident application is still very active on the optical, such as the 6 years from 1994-1999 implemented a cumulative total of 33,000 121MWP. Since 1997, all local governments after the Kyoto Conference to reduce the role of CO2 in the optical material has been further recognized in 1998 after the Government increased the channels for the application on behalf of local governments to apply for 2000 of 2.6 million, which together 96MWP, as Total level of the first 5 years. With lead funding from the city of Nagoya City, the new layer optical system of public facilities (2000 a total of 68 grants, totaling 298MWP), popularized greatly expanded production of photovoltaic systems in 2000 reached 129MWP level, but also over the U.S. door the world.
Introduce of Japan PV Solar Energy
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This post describes the three stages from the development of the Japanese optoelectronics, photovoltaic development in understanding some reference.
First, the optical stage of development in Japan
The first phase of the first oil crisis, the Japanese MITI formulated in 1974 to develop solar-based renewable energy technology research and development on behalf of oil and long-term planning, the famous Sunshine. Objectives in terms of photovoltaic cells used in aerospace technology that is transplanted to the ground to apply. Unpleasant early progress, only the mature technology of silicon, polycrystalline silicon cells used in the household calculator, light beacon and the island arc of the supplementary supply of diesel power generation, etc.. Then place the second oil crisis has strengthened its development of a sense of urgency, so they started NEDO (formerly New Energy Development Organization, now renamed the New Energy and Industrial Technology agency) is responsible for one-stop management of the optoelectronics industry, the government has increased under the conditions of development funds to accelerate the industrialization of photovoltaic cell technology development: (a) continue to develop improved photoelectric conversion efficiency of the new materials, new technology that the long-term services; (b) greatly reduce the cost for new materials, new technology hair, to create the basic conditions to accelerate industrialization; (c) actively supporting the development of batteries, rectifiers and grid connection technology; (d) After the above conditions are basically pass through the large variety of practical verification demonstration project to the long-term It is running in order to identify problems and improvements, such as the focus of power engineering, the top ten power companies are involved, the largest one of 300kWH.
In the above-mentioned policy measures, driven by the production cost of photovoltaic cells have a lot of progress and technology. Such as the 1998 in Beijing, Tao, Sharp and Sanyo Electric-based photovoltaic industry production reached 12.8MWP, more than the U.S. 1.7MWP door to the world. The price per WP 1979 also increased from 2-3 million yen fell to 800 yen. Photoelectric conversion efficiency were improved, such as polycrystalline silicon substrate by the cast in 1984 to 12.7% to 15.7% in 1998, 1985, amorphous silicon also increased from 8.25% to 10.1% in 1998.
The second stage, from 1988 -1994, the required 20% lower and lower prices for widely used in telecommunications, street lamps and outdoor clocks and other small power supply. At the same time due to social environmental awareness, people called for the early access to clean the optical, an independent power supply in the power companies on the success of demonstration projects, in addition to expanded to parks, schools, hospitals, exhibition halls and other public facilities, pilot demonstration project, the also a huge market for timely implementation of the residential application of photovoltaic roof demonstration project, and ended in 1993, proved that the basic technology has been through, the key is the economy. Technology development in the species, there is also a lot of progress, basically reached the international advanced level. But a large number of independent power demonstration project is also acceptance in 1993, new orders much, so the inverse output in 1994 dropped by the U.S. in 1992, over and relegated to second.
The third phase of the development of the new 1993 plan is still the photoelectric daylight as a key project. Optical technology has reached a preliminary analysis of the application level, but the price is too high to become the key factors affect the application. To this end, the development focus should be on reducing the cost of cheap and efficient photovoltaic materials and technology, while expanding the scale of production that the main condition is to reduce costs. In view of the world in 1992, after UNCED, the public to reduce CO2 and other issues of importance and Industry decided in 1994, the implementation of preferential policies for residential photovoltaic systems, that each household preferential policies for residential PV systems, which for each household residential photovoltaic systems (including rectifiers, batteries and grid-connected systems) use (including construction costs) total cost of subsidies 1 / 2, the housing construction business has also adopted the same benefits, thereby contributing to the residential photoelectric promotion. Although this section of the Japanese economic bubble burst in the post-recession period, the resident application is still very active on the optical, such as the 6 years from 1994-1999 implemented a cumulative total of 33,000 121MWP. Since 1997, all local governments after the Kyoto Conference to reduce the role of CO2 in the optical material has been further recognized in 1998 after the Government increased the channels for the application on behalf of local governments to apply for 2000 of 2.6 million, which together 96MWP, as Total level of the first 5 years. With lead funding from the city of Nagoya City, the new layer optical system of public facilities (2000 a total of 68 grants, totaling 298MWP), popularized greatly expanded production of photovoltaic systems in 2000 reached 129MWP level, but also over the U.S. door the world.