The post briefly describes the solar photovoltaic power supply system of beacon status, discusses the implementation of intelligent monitoring and control of these systems the necessity and feasibility, and in accordance with the relevant technical rules, combined with the actual operation of the system characteristics of the solar lighthouse volt power supply system of the charge and discharge control rules was discussed, and proposed the way through the intelligent control technology to achieve the vision, the paper also preliminary design of a specific implementation plan.
Keywords: lighthouse solar energy; supply; intelligent.
First, the lighthouse supply solar system overview
Lighthouse is an important navigation aids to navigation facilities, stable power supply is sufficient basis for the normal operation of the lighthouse.
For setting on land or offshore lighthouse on the island can be conveniently obtained through the national grid electricity supply of adequate and reliable, but for those far from the city, located in remote area power grid can not cover or sea island lighthouse, it is very difficult to supply .
Earlier, these mainly rely on diesel power generation lighthouse, beacon management which gives an enormous burden on the construction of power generation in the lighthouse room, the configuration of several diesel generator sets, equipped with specialized staff on duty 24-hours of continuous duty, especially those located in the island’s lighthouse, but also the ship on a regular basis with a special delivery of diesel fuel and other necessities, not only consume large amounts of material and financial resources, and aids the work and life of workers is also very difficult.
Scientific and technological development, in order to create the conditions to change this situation, especially solar, wind and other new energy technologies become more sophisticated, so that the lighthouse be completely different energy supply, at present, the vast majority can not have access to grid electricity lighthouse use of solar photovoltaic power supply system (referred to as: Lighthouse Solar power supply system), the use of solar panels rely on light generation, equipped with batteries to store electrical energy until dawn in the absence of illumination to ensure continuous work on the lighthouse. And as battery technology development, most have adopted the voltage stability, pollution-free valve regulated lead-acid batteries (VRLA). The application of new energy, liberated the labor force, reducing the lighthouse maintenance costs and improve the quality of the operation of the equipment, but also brings solar-powered lighthouse system maintenance issues, science, and timely maintenance is necessary to run the lighthouse often guarantee.
Second, the lighthouse solar power system to achieve the necessity and feasibility of intelligent monitoring
1. The need for
Solar Power Supply System, liberated the labor force, so many implements unmanned lighthouse island. However, as with any other devices, these power supply system is also inseparable from the necessary maintenance, VRLA batteries so-called “maintenance free”, only in comparison with the traditional ordinary batteries greatly reduced maintenance only, not “maintenance” Therefore, the timely and accurate grasp of the technical status of system operation, maintenance of scientific importance; the other hand, VRLA battery charge and discharge are strict technical rules, and the present lighthouse to use most of the charge and discharge controller is relatively simple, difficult to accurately perform these technical rules, which easily lead to premature battery capacity decreases greatly shorten life, not only caused loss of equipment, waste of money, but also directly affect the normal operation of the lighthouse, therefore, developed to meet the actual lighthouse, more solar energy science power system operation control, and intelligent control to achieve precise control of the lighthouse solar power supply system for improving the quality of the operation is necessary.
2. Feasibility
Technical rules, with the solar photovoltaic equipment and VRLA batteries popularity and large number of applications, it is the application of these devices more and more rich experience, a large number of relevant published research for the development of our solar power supply system to maintain the lighthouse scientific method provides a sufficient theoretical basis and practical experience.
In the technical means on the one hand, in recent years, intelligent control of the beacon of light on the great progress has been made, the new intelligent controller intelligent navigation light control a beacon not only to achieve precise control and stability control, but also remote data communication, data acquisition and analog monitoring and control and other advanced features, this solar-powered lighthouse for the realization of intelligent control system made the necessary technical preparations; the other hand, battery monitoring equipment and other intelligent automatic control devices also become more sophisticated, solar-powered lighthouse for the realization of intelligent control system provides adequate equipment resources.
Thus, through the intelligent control system to achieve the science solar-powered lighthouse maintenance and management to maintain its stable and reliable operation, long life, to ensure good operation of the lighthouse equipment, can be achieved.
Third, the lighthouse solar power system intelligent control of the main technical issues involved
VRLA battery charge and discharge process control has a very specific technical requirements, in general, the charging process, including the main charge, charge and float a balanced three phases, each phase, the values of voltage and current, there are stringent technical requirements In the discharge process, in order to prevent over-discharge damage to the battery, but also the discharge termination voltage requirements, and that these values should be carried out technical requirements for temperature compensation, the discharge termination voltage value with changes in the size of the discharge current.
Equipped with solar-powered lighthouse general capacity of the system is to ensure the continuous absence of light for more than long enough to function properly under the lighthouse, different waters and different types of lighthouses, this is not the same length of time, usually 10 days to 20 days, the medium lighthouse, light does not light when the operating current in the 1A or so, when light is about 5A. 1kW solar panel power is generally about the capacity of the battery generally 1kAh above, some equipped to 2kAh or 3kAh.
Lighthouse solar power system for the floating power supply all of its characteristics: First, the system configuration can be seen from the above, the load is relatively large battery capacity, battery discharge current, discharge rate, the light is sufficient prone to overcharge at the expense of the battery; second solar cycle in time and confront with the changes in circadian phase was characterized, and the lighthouse on the light intensity and illumination time of the change can not grasp the difficult each time to complete the full three-stage charging process; III is when the case of long hours without light of the circumstances, the independent continuous discharge from the battery to provide power supply for equipment, then prone to over-discharge. VRLA batteries based on the technical characteristics and the characteristics of the lighthouse solar power system to realize the intelligent control system should primarily consider the following:
The first charge control. Lighthouse equipped with solar panels on the limited capacity of power generation, power generation also showed changes with the light phase, to achieve the strict standards of charge control is difficult, therefore only a limited way to limit the control the charging process. Determined that the current voltage according to battery charging process should be at the stage in the main charging stage limits the charge current should not exceed 0.15C (C is battery capacity), so you can ensure that no damage to the battery under the premise of the highest possible efficiency to store energy; both charge and float in two phases, the charge voltage limit, so that not only fully battery energy storage, but also to prevent over charging.
Second, the discharge control. Inadequate equipment in the light of work relying solely on the battery discharge when the time monitoring the discharge current and battery voltage, discharge current scientifically based on the actual set discharge termination voltage.
Third, load management. When the battery is discharged to close the set the depth of the discharge termination voltage, to cut off a large load in a timely manner for effective protection of the battery, when the weather recovery after light exposure, auto-resume the normal operation of all equipment.
Fourth, solar-powered lighthouse implementation scheme of intelligent control systems
1, the composition of the hardware system
Lighthouse Solar power supply system composed of intelligent control systems on the hardware shown in Figure 1.
The modular structure of solar panels through the charger, power switch, current sensor for the battery charging, battery power by switching the output current sensors and power the load.
Batteries battery inspection device to complete the test, it detects the voltage of each cell, the ambient temperature surrounding the battery and battery charge and discharge current, and test results transmitted via the serial communication interface to the intelligent control unit.
Intelligent control unit is the center of the whole system control, data communication lines through which data logging devices from the battery to read the battery voltage, current and ambient temperature, the technical analysis of these data, whereby the charge and discharge process of scientific and rational control and, when necessary, shut down a large load, protect the battery, while the data communication unit to complete it by remote data communications.
Man-machine interface is for system operators to set and control interface, intelligent control unit according to the technical parameters and rules of operation related technology to judge and control.
Charging the battery light in the solar panel under the conditions obtained by the strict control of intelligent control unit.
Complete the battery power switch power output of the switch control, when the battery voltage discharge close to the discharge end, the intelligent control unit of instruction off the main load, to prevent battery damage due to excessive discharge.
2, Main technical parameters
VRLA batteries because different companies charge characteristics, temperature compensation coefficient, so that, before starting work the system or in the replacement of the battery, you should enter the system through the man-machine interface all battery charge and discharge the technical parameters, the main include:
1) battery capacity (C);
2) are charged a nominal voltage (VE): 25 ℃ are charged when the pressure;
3) Nominal float voltage (VF): 25 ℃ when the float voltage;
4) The nominal termination voltage (VS): 25 ℃, the discharge rate for 0.1C10 discharge termination voltage;
5) The nominal maximum charging current (ICM): 25 ℃ Maximum charge current value;
6) The temperature coefficient (TC).
3, the software process
Constituted by the connection hardware system, intelligent control unit according to the relevant technical rules and the battery voltage and current and temperature monitoring results through software control system operation.
Control software in general, consists of three parts, one monitor, the main data logging devices with the battery through the data communication between the read test data, and the judge gives the judge the outcome, if necessary, issued a warning; second charge and discharge control section, in the charging process, to determine the current battery charge in which the stage and adjusted according to the rules of the charger output voltage and current, timely achievement of various stages of transformation, not only to store energy for maximum efficiency, while preventing over charge as damage the battery; third part of remote communication, communication can take the short message and GPRS, Remote Data Communication through remote monitoring and control system. The following main part of charge control program flow.
1) charging phase converter
Battery for the device independent of discharge work. When the light again, the solar panels to re-confessed power, they begin a new round of the charging process, the process shown in Figure 2, when the system first began to determine the battery voltage, charging voltage if the voltage is below the equilibrium, then enter the main charge stage, when light does not glow, is not operating current, high current charger to charge the battery; Once the battery voltage to achieve a balanced charge voltage, charge is transferred to the stage of a balanced, intelligent control unit controls the charger to balance the charging voltage VE of a balanced battery charging; when the balance of time to recharge after the stage into the floating charge, the charger will charge voltage adjustment to the float voltage VF.
2) The main charging process control flow
Basic flow of the main charge control shown in Figure 3.
The principle of the main charge is the charge current does not exceed the maximum battery charge current of the premise, to the greatest possible control of the charger to the battery charging current, so the process of charging, at any time to determine the charge current, as long as no more than the maximum charge current charge current, the increase of the charge current as possible; the same time to determine the battery voltage, when the charging voltage of the battery charging voltage to achieve a balanced, then transferred to a balanced charge. 3) The balance control of the process of charging and float
After charging the system into balance, to maintain a balanced charging to a predetermined time before switching over to floating charge, so in a balanced charging process, mainly for balance charging for time, time to time after the floating stage to be transferred .
In the float process, as long as there is solar energy output, the system will remain floating until the end of solar power.
4. Implementations
Solar-powered lighthouse intelligent control system can be used in specific ways to achieve in order to establish a complete system alone to work independently, in the intelligent controller with a light beacon on the device, but also with light production of the intelligent controller device become one, both intelligent control resource utilization, while simplifying the equipment is conducive to stable lighthouse equipment.
Lighthouse Solar photovoltaic power supply system of intelligent monitoring
Posted by admin in News
The post briefly describes the solar photovoltaic power supply system of beacon status, discusses the implementation of intelligent monitoring and control of these systems the necessity and feasibility, and in accordance with the relevant technical rules, combined with the actual operation of the system characteristics of the solar lighthouse volt power supply system of the charge and discharge control rules was discussed, and proposed the way through the intelligent control technology to achieve the vision, the paper also preliminary design of a specific implementation plan.
Keywords: lighthouse solar energy; supply; intelligent.
First, the lighthouse supply solar system overview
Lighthouse is an important navigation aids to navigation facilities, stable power supply is sufficient basis for the normal operation of the lighthouse.
For setting on land or offshore lighthouse on the island can be conveniently obtained through the national grid electricity supply of adequate and reliable, but for those far from the city, located in remote area power grid can not cover or sea island lighthouse, it is very difficult to supply .
Earlier, these mainly rely on diesel power generation lighthouse, beacon management which gives an enormous burden on the construction of power generation in the lighthouse room, the configuration of several diesel generator sets, equipped with specialized staff on duty 24-hours of continuous duty, especially those located in the island’s lighthouse, but also the ship on a regular basis with a special delivery of diesel fuel and other necessities, not only consume large amounts of material and financial resources, and aids the work and life of workers is also very difficult.
Scientific and technological development, in order to create the conditions to change this situation, especially solar, wind and other new energy technologies become more sophisticated, so that the lighthouse be completely different energy supply, at present, the vast majority can not have access to grid electricity lighthouse use of solar photovoltaic power supply system (referred to as: Lighthouse Solar power supply system), the use of solar panels rely on light generation, equipped with batteries to store electrical energy until dawn in the absence of illumination to ensure continuous work on the lighthouse. And as battery technology development, most have adopted the voltage stability, pollution-free valve regulated lead-acid batteries (VRLA). The application of new energy, liberated the labor force, reducing the lighthouse maintenance costs and improve the quality of the operation of the equipment, but also brings solar-powered lighthouse system maintenance issues, science, and timely maintenance is necessary to run the lighthouse often guarantee.
Second, the lighthouse solar power system to achieve the necessity and feasibility of intelligent monitoring
1. The need for
Solar Power Supply System, liberated the labor force, so many implements unmanned lighthouse island. However, as with any other devices, these power supply system is also inseparable from the necessary maintenance, VRLA batteries so-called “maintenance free”, only in comparison with the traditional ordinary batteries greatly reduced maintenance only, not “maintenance” Therefore, the timely and accurate grasp of the technical status of system operation, maintenance of scientific importance; the other hand, VRLA battery charge and discharge are strict technical rules, and the present lighthouse to use most of the charge and discharge controller is relatively simple, difficult to accurately perform these technical rules, which easily lead to premature battery capacity decreases greatly shorten life, not only caused loss of equipment, waste of money, but also directly affect the normal operation of the lighthouse, therefore, developed to meet the actual lighthouse, more solar energy science power system operation control, and intelligent control to achieve precise control of the lighthouse solar power supply system for improving the quality of the operation is necessary.
2. Feasibility
Technical rules, with the solar photovoltaic equipment and VRLA batteries popularity and large number of applications, it is the application of these devices more and more rich experience, a large number of relevant published research for the development of our solar power supply system to maintain the lighthouse scientific method provides a sufficient theoretical basis and practical experience.
In the technical means on the one hand, in recent years, intelligent control of the beacon of light on the great progress has been made, the new intelligent controller intelligent navigation light control a beacon not only to achieve precise control and stability control, but also remote data communication, data acquisition and analog monitoring and control and other advanced features, this solar-powered lighthouse for the realization of intelligent control system made the necessary technical preparations; the other hand, battery monitoring equipment and other intelligent automatic control devices also become more sophisticated, solar-powered lighthouse for the realization of intelligent control system provides adequate equipment resources.
Thus, through the intelligent control system to achieve the science solar-powered lighthouse maintenance and management to maintain its stable and reliable operation, long life, to ensure good operation of the lighthouse equipment, can be achieved.
Third, the lighthouse solar power system intelligent control of the main technical issues involved
VRLA battery charge and discharge process control has a very specific technical requirements, in general, the charging process, including the main charge, charge and float a balanced three phases, each phase, the values of voltage and current, there are stringent technical requirements In the discharge process, in order to prevent over-discharge damage to the battery, but also the discharge termination voltage requirements, and that these values should be carried out technical requirements for temperature compensation, the discharge termination voltage value with changes in the size of the discharge current.
Equipped with solar-powered lighthouse general capacity of the system is to ensure the continuous absence of light for more than long enough to function properly under the lighthouse, different waters and different types of lighthouses, this is not the same length of time, usually 10 days to 20 days, the medium lighthouse, light does not light when the operating current in the 1A or so, when light is about 5A. 1kW solar panel power is generally about the capacity of the battery generally 1kAh above, some equipped to 2kAh or 3kAh.
Lighthouse solar power system for the floating power supply all of its characteristics: First, the system configuration can be seen from the above, the load is relatively large battery capacity, battery discharge current, discharge rate, the light is sufficient prone to overcharge at the expense of the battery; second solar cycle in time and confront with the changes in circadian phase was characterized, and the lighthouse on the light intensity and illumination time of the change can not grasp the difficult each time to complete the full three-stage charging process; III is when the case of long hours without light of the circumstances, the independent continuous discharge from the battery to provide power supply for equipment, then prone to over-discharge. VRLA batteries based on the technical characteristics and the characteristics of the lighthouse solar power system to realize the intelligent control system should primarily consider the following:
The first charge control. Lighthouse equipped with solar panels on the limited capacity of power generation, power generation also showed changes with the light phase, to achieve the strict standards of charge control is difficult, therefore only a limited way to limit the control the charging process. Determined that the current voltage according to battery charging process should be at the stage in the main charging stage limits the charge current should not exceed 0.15C (C is battery capacity), so you can ensure that no damage to the battery under the premise of the highest possible efficiency to store energy; both charge and float in two phases, the charge voltage limit, so that not only fully battery energy storage, but also to prevent over charging.
Second, the discharge control. Inadequate equipment in the light of work relying solely on the battery discharge when the time monitoring the discharge current and battery voltage, discharge current scientifically based on the actual set discharge termination voltage.
Third, load management. When the battery is discharged to close the set the depth of the discharge termination voltage, to cut off a large load in a timely manner for effective protection of the battery, when the weather recovery after light exposure, auto-resume the normal operation of all equipment.
Fourth, solar-powered lighthouse implementation scheme of intelligent control systems
1, the composition of the hardware system
Lighthouse Solar power supply system composed of intelligent control systems on the hardware shown in Figure 1.
The modular structure of solar panels through the charger, power switch, current sensor for the battery charging, battery power by switching the output current sensors and power the load.
Batteries battery inspection device to complete the test, it detects the voltage of each cell, the ambient temperature surrounding the battery and battery charge and discharge current, and test results transmitted via the serial communication interface to the intelligent control unit.
Intelligent control unit is the center of the whole system control, data communication lines through which data logging devices from the battery to read the battery voltage, current and ambient temperature, the technical analysis of these data, whereby the charge and discharge process of scientific and rational control and, when necessary, shut down a large load, protect the battery, while the data communication unit to complete it by remote data communications.
Man-machine interface is for system operators to set and control interface, intelligent control unit according to the technical parameters and rules of operation related technology to judge and control.
Charging the battery light in the solar panel under the conditions obtained by the strict control of intelligent control unit.
Complete the battery power switch power output of the switch control, when the battery voltage discharge close to the discharge end, the intelligent control unit of instruction off the main load, to prevent battery damage due to excessive discharge.
2, Main technical parameters
VRLA batteries because different companies charge characteristics, temperature compensation coefficient, so that, before starting work the system or in the replacement of the battery, you should enter the system through the man-machine interface all battery charge and discharge the technical parameters, the main include:
1) battery capacity (C);
2) are charged a nominal voltage (VE): 25 ℃ are charged when the pressure;
3) Nominal float voltage (VF): 25 ℃ when the float voltage;
4) The nominal termination voltage (VS): 25 ℃, the discharge rate for 0.1C10 discharge termination voltage;
5) The nominal maximum charging current (ICM): 25 ℃ Maximum charge current value;
6) The temperature coefficient (TC).
3, the software process
Constituted by the connection hardware system, intelligent control unit according to the relevant technical rules and the battery voltage and current and temperature monitoring results through software control system operation.
Control software in general, consists of three parts, one monitor, the main data logging devices with the battery through the data communication between the read test data, and the judge gives the judge the outcome, if necessary, issued a warning; second charge and discharge control section, in the charging process, to determine the current battery charge in which the stage and adjusted according to the rules of the charger output voltage and current, timely achievement of various stages of transformation, not only to store energy for maximum efficiency, while preventing over charge as damage the battery; third part of remote communication, communication can take the short message and GPRS, Remote Data Communication through remote monitoring and control system. The following main part of charge control program flow.
1) charging phase converter
Battery for the device independent of discharge work. When the light again, the solar panels to re-confessed power, they begin a new round of the charging process, the process shown in Figure 2, when the system first began to determine the battery voltage, charging voltage if the voltage is below the equilibrium, then enter the main charge stage, when light does not glow, is not operating current, high current charger to charge the battery; Once the battery voltage to achieve a balanced charge voltage, charge is transferred to the stage of a balanced, intelligent control unit controls the charger to balance the charging voltage VE of a balanced battery charging; when the balance of time to recharge after the stage into the floating charge, the charger will charge voltage adjustment to the float voltage VF.
2) The main charging process control flow
Basic flow of the main charge control shown in Figure 3.
The principle of the main charge is the charge current does not exceed the maximum battery charge current of the premise, to the greatest possible control of the charger to the battery charging current, so the process of charging, at any time to determine the charge current, as long as no more than the maximum charge current charge current, the increase of the charge current as possible; the same time to determine the battery voltage, when the charging voltage of the battery charging voltage to achieve a balanced, then transferred to a balanced charge. 3) The balance control of the process of charging and float
After charging the system into balance, to maintain a balanced charging to a predetermined time before switching over to floating charge, so in a balanced charging process, mainly for balance charging for time, time to time after the floating stage to be transferred .
In the float process, as long as there is solar energy output, the system will remain floating until the end of solar power.
4. Implementations
Solar-powered lighthouse intelligent control system can be used in specific ways to achieve in order to establish a complete system alone to work independently, in the intelligent controller with a light beacon on the device, but also with light production of the intelligent controller device become one, both intelligent control resource utilization, while simplifying the equipment is conducive to stable lighthouse equipment.