This cold region in the northwest frontier Shaolou solar heating design, will be active, passive heating methods combine feature set and Shaolou coordination with the sun, the use of flat-plate air collector. Calculations predict the indoor winter months the average monthly temperature. The results show that the design is feasible to achieve the desired objectives.
1. Project Overview
China’s Northwest Frontier, the winter is very cold. Border Shaolou located in the border line, away from the city, water, electricity supply to the lack of harsh natural environment. Border Shaolou observed mainly for frontier guards, observation, and its unique structure type. Under such special conditions, hopes to use solar energy effectively, improve border fighters tough people living and working conditions. In this paper, in northern Xinjiang border Shaolou solar heating system design features of a preliminary analysis.
2. Shaolou climate characteristics and architectural features
Northwestern Xinjiang region of China in winter is long, and very cold. Tianshan for the sector, northern temperate continental arid and semi-arid climate, the southern border for the warm temperate continental dry air Climate. Rains, the temperature, diurnal temperature range is enormous. January average temperature by climate division for the whole solar heating, Xinjiang is a suitable area; by climate division for solar energy heating, Xinjiang is the second best after the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area. In the absence of the cold conditions in Xinjiang border Shaolou, using solar heating to improve the indoor thermal environment, while saving energy, has a special significance.
Shaolou height of 20 meters for a four-story building, building planes for the side length of 2 m octagonal structure. One, two, three 5.6 m high, with an area of 3 × 17.44 m, the fourth floor observation room, the height of three meters, with an area of 12.8 square meters, the observation room for the soldiers standing guard in the workplace, that our heating room.
3. Solar heating program selection
Solar heating building can be divided into active and passive two categories
Passive Solar House was dedicated and the surrounding environment by building a reasonable layout, the internal contradictions of space and clever processing of external form, materials and structures, construction of the appropriate choice, it can in the winter collection, retention, storage and distribution of solar thermal energy, heating of buildings so as to solve the problem. Passive Solar House is a way sunlight shines into the house and take advantage of a natural way. It does not, or only use very little power and mechanical equipment, almost no running costs, almost no risk.
Active solar house is a solar collector, pipes, radiators, blower or pump, heat storage devices and other components of forced circulation solar heating system. Control and regulation of its convenient and flexible. However, a high investment, management and maintenance of large, technologically more complex, and still takes a certain amount of conventional energy sources.
Shaolou their locations, very cold, alone Passive Solar Heating, heat storage, it is difficult to make the indoor temperature reaches a certain residence requirements. Addition of active solar heating methods, you can maximize the use of solar thermal energy. In active heating system design, best use of natural circulation pressure head, less electrical energy. And, because the active heating system control flexibility, convenience, possible active and passive part of the work simultaneously or individually, or mechanical circulation or natural circulation work. Passive heating systems are designed primarily to consider the special architectural and Shaolou structure and function compatible with the basis to improve the utilization of solar energy.
4. Passive solar architecture
Twenty-meter-high Shaolou building, only the fourth floor observation room needs heating, the building structure type of the collector to have good conditions, should be fully utilized. Meanwhile, the observation room of building materials, flat cut off re-selection, design, heating the room on the fourth floor observation room wall, ceiling, floors for insulation design. With 100mm thick mineral wool insulation board. The south side of the sun setting in the observation room, the partition wall separating the observation room with sunlight. Figure 1. Partition wall is 240mm thick brick. 2500 × 800 m open the upper part of the hole, both as lighting, Liao Wang windows, but also during the day and hot air into the channel. The holes do windows, but the sun must be windows; wall 300 × 200 m lower open loop hole, the hole can be combined with the Phoenix pipe holes.
Sunshine between the three walls of glass with double walls, with one double glass doors, glass wall insulation night activities peripheral devices, sun rooms on the ground as the regenerator, the observation room floor with a different structure, and its spread on the ground floor 100mm gravel concrete, cement plaster.
During the day, the sun through the glass layer between the sun, some directly into the heating room, part of the ground by the sun and the partition wall between the absorption of heat into storage, and then to the wall by hot air circulation and heat transfer into the heating room.
5. Active solar heating system
Solar collectors heat a flat shade and concentrating collectors two. For only the heating system for the purpose of heating, the use of low-temperature flat-plate collector, simplify systems, reduce heat, saving investment. Installation, operation, management are more convenient. Plate solar collector at the same time as the development of new materials and new technologies will enable the collector temperature, collector efficiency and greatly improved in the future also be used for solar cooling.
General, the use of the application of more water-type collector, methods, equipment is more mature. Our detailed comparison of the water-type collector and air-type collector of the advantages and disadvantages. In general, the air-type collectors are cheaper, and there is no freezing, corrosion and other problems. In cold regions, freezing of the problem is very prominent issue. Therefore, the advantage of not freezing it makes sense. However, due to air density, specific heat of water is much smaller than that of collecting the same heat, the air circulation needed for power-type, air duct, thermal mass than a lot of hydraulic structures, with a corresponding increase in the cost.
Water systems generally take some measures to prevent frost cracking occurred. The cold northwest frontier region, the outdoor temperature is below freezing continuously for a long time. Frost problems are enormous. The use of a glycol saline solution, to make the freezing point down to -30 ℃, the weight percentage of ethylene glycol will reach 50%.
From the system of economy, reliability, multi-disciplinary analysis and comparison of collector efficiency, and finally we use flat-plate air collector designed system, lift the freeze from the fundamental hazards. In the system design, pay attention to avoid or minimize the adverse effects of air collector system.
Collectors installed on the third floor south elevation wall of the balcony, Jie Feng collector outlet tube upper and lower back to the duct outlet. Duct in the sun piercing through the floor between the floor surface
Layer, the use of pebble bed regenerator, regenerator section is 500 × 750mm, height 1500mm, installed at the southeast corner of the observation room.
6. Indoor thermal environment prediction
In no other auxiliary heat source solar house cases, through an area of 4.64 square meters of sun rooms and four 1 × 1.5 m flat plate air heating collector collector interaction, we can achieve the indoor air temperature is predicted.
Where: Ta: average monthly outdoor temperature, ℃;
SM1: a passive part of the heat gain on the effective, KJ;
SM2: take the initiative to get some heat on effective, KJ;
M: number of days per month, d;
Qob: heat gain through other envelope, the calculated thermal envelope, KJ / d;
Qin: from the interior lighting, heat generated by persons, indoor activities, according to one resident, Qin = 10368KJ / d;
MLC: Room net load factor, calculated from the thermal. The NLC = 4815KJ / d ℃
7.1 for cold areas located in border Shaolou features creatively put forward the passive and active heating combined method greatly limits the use of solar thermal energy.
7.2 The use of air-type heat-absorbing system, completely avoid the cracking of the hazards of solar heating design for the cold to open up a new idea.
7.3 Shaolou planar octagonal building, sun room cleverly designed to achieve harmony with the architecture.
7.4 After a forecast basis, through active and passive solar heating system heating, can improve the indoor air temperature than the outdoor temperature 15-25 ℃, the living conditions greatly improved.
7.5 due to the outdoor temperature is too low, when the indoor temperature in the coldest reaches only about 1 ℃, in a very cold region, solar heating alone is difficult to achieve civil heating indoor temperature requirements.
Solar heating and indoor thermal environment
Posted by admin in News
This cold region in the northwest frontier Shaolou solar heating design, will be active, passive heating methods combine feature set and Shaolou coordination with the sun, the use of flat-plate air collector. Calculations predict the indoor winter months the average monthly temperature. The results show that the design is feasible to achieve the desired objectives.
1. Project Overview
China’s Northwest Frontier, the winter is very cold. Border Shaolou located in the border line, away from the city, water, electricity supply to the lack of harsh natural environment. Border Shaolou observed mainly for frontier guards, observation, and its unique structure type. Under such special conditions, hopes to use solar energy effectively, improve border fighters tough people living and working conditions. In this paper, in northern Xinjiang border Shaolou solar heating system design features of a preliminary analysis.
2. Shaolou climate characteristics and architectural features
Northwestern Xinjiang region of China in winter is long, and very cold. Tianshan for the sector, northern temperate continental arid and semi-arid climate, the southern border for the warm temperate continental dry air Climate. Rains, the temperature, diurnal temperature range is enormous. January average temperature by climate division for the whole solar heating, Xinjiang is a suitable area; by climate division for solar energy heating, Xinjiang is the second best after the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area. In the absence of the cold conditions in Xinjiang border Shaolou, using solar heating to improve the indoor thermal environment, while saving energy, has a special significance.
Shaolou height of 20 meters for a four-story building, building planes for the side length of 2 m octagonal structure. One, two, three 5.6 m high, with an area of 3 × 17.44 m, the fourth floor observation room, the height of three meters, with an area of 12.8 square meters, the observation room for the soldiers standing guard in the workplace, that our heating room.
3. Solar heating program selection
Solar heating building can be divided into active and passive two categories
Passive Solar House was dedicated and the surrounding environment by building a reasonable layout, the internal contradictions of space and clever processing of external form, materials and structures, construction of the appropriate choice, it can in the winter collection, retention, storage and distribution of solar thermal energy, heating of buildings so as to solve the problem. Passive Solar House is a way sunlight shines into the house and take advantage of a natural way. It does not, or only use very little power and mechanical equipment, almost no running costs, almost no risk.
Active solar house is a solar collector, pipes, radiators, blower or pump, heat storage devices and other components of forced circulation solar heating system. Control and regulation of its convenient and flexible. However, a high investment, management and maintenance of large, technologically more complex, and still takes a certain amount of conventional energy sources.
Shaolou their locations, very cold, alone Passive Solar Heating, heat storage, it is difficult to make the indoor temperature reaches a certain residence requirements. Addition of active solar heating methods, you can maximize the use of solar thermal energy. In active heating system design, best use of natural circulation pressure head, less electrical energy. And, because the active heating system control flexibility, convenience, possible active and passive part of the work simultaneously or individually, or mechanical circulation or natural circulation work. Passive heating systems are designed primarily to consider the special architectural and Shaolou structure and function compatible with the basis to improve the utilization of solar energy.
4. Passive solar architecture
Twenty-meter-high Shaolou building, only the fourth floor observation room needs heating, the building structure type of the collector to have good conditions, should be fully utilized. Meanwhile, the observation room of building materials, flat cut off re-selection, design, heating the room on the fourth floor observation room wall, ceiling, floors for insulation design. With 100mm thick mineral wool insulation board. The south side of the sun setting in the observation room, the partition wall separating the observation room with sunlight. Figure 1. Partition wall is 240mm thick brick. 2500 × 800 m open the upper part of the hole, both as lighting, Liao Wang windows, but also during the day and hot air into the channel. The holes do windows, but the sun must be windows; wall 300 × 200 m lower open loop hole, the hole can be combined with the Phoenix pipe holes.
Sunshine between the three walls of glass with double walls, with one double glass doors, glass wall insulation night activities peripheral devices, sun rooms on the ground as the regenerator, the observation room floor with a different structure, and its spread on the ground floor 100mm gravel concrete, cement plaster.
During the day, the sun through the glass layer between the sun, some directly into the heating room, part of the ground by the sun and the partition wall between the absorption of heat into storage, and then to the wall by hot air circulation and heat transfer into the heating room.
5. Active solar heating system
Solar collectors heat a flat shade and concentrating collectors two. For only the heating system for the purpose of heating, the use of low-temperature flat-plate collector, simplify systems, reduce heat, saving investment. Installation, operation, management are more convenient. Plate solar collector at the same time as the development of new materials and new technologies will enable the collector temperature, collector efficiency and greatly improved in the future also be used for solar cooling.
General, the use of the application of more water-type collector, methods, equipment is more mature. Our detailed comparison of the water-type collector and air-type collector of the advantages and disadvantages. In general, the air-type collectors are cheaper, and there is no freezing, corrosion and other problems. In cold regions, freezing of the problem is very prominent issue. Therefore, the advantage of not freezing it makes sense. However, due to air density, specific heat of water is much smaller than that of collecting the same heat, the air circulation needed for power-type, air duct, thermal mass than a lot of hydraulic structures, with a corresponding increase in the cost.
Water systems generally take some measures to prevent frost cracking occurred. The cold northwest frontier region, the outdoor temperature is below freezing continuously for a long time. Frost problems are enormous. The use of a glycol saline solution, to make the freezing point down to -30 ℃, the weight percentage of ethylene glycol will reach 50%.
From the system of economy, reliability, multi-disciplinary analysis and comparison of collector efficiency, and finally we use flat-plate air collector designed system, lift the freeze from the fundamental hazards. In the system design, pay attention to avoid or minimize the adverse effects of air collector system.
Collectors installed on the third floor south elevation wall of the balcony, Jie Feng collector outlet tube upper and lower back to the duct outlet. Duct in the sun piercing through the floor between the floor surface
Layer, the use of pebble bed regenerator, regenerator section is 500 × 750mm, height 1500mm, installed at the southeast corner of the observation room.
6. Indoor thermal environment prediction
In no other auxiliary heat source solar house cases, through an area of 4.64 square meters of sun rooms and four 1 × 1.5 m flat plate air heating collector collector interaction, we can achieve the indoor air temperature is predicted.
Where: Ta: average monthly outdoor temperature, ℃;
SM1: a passive part of the heat gain on the effective, KJ;
SM2: take the initiative to get some heat on effective, KJ;
M: number of days per month, d;
Qob: heat gain through other envelope, the calculated thermal envelope, KJ / d;
Qin: from the interior lighting, heat generated by persons, indoor activities, according to one resident, Qin = 10368KJ / d;
MLC: Room net load factor, calculated from the thermal. The NLC = 4815KJ / d ℃
7.1 for cold areas located in border Shaolou features creatively put forward the passive and active heating combined method greatly limits the use of solar thermal energy.
7.2 The use of air-type heat-absorbing system, completely avoid the cracking of the hazards of solar heating design for the cold to open up a new idea.
7.3 Shaolou planar octagonal building, sun room cleverly designed to achieve harmony with the architecture.
7.4 After a forecast basis, through active and passive solar heating system heating, can improve the indoor air temperature than the outdoor temperature 15-25 ℃, the living conditions greatly improved.
7.5 due to the outdoor temperature is too low, when the indoor temperature in the coldest reaches only about 1 ℃, in a very cold region, solar heating alone is difficult to achieve civil heating indoor temperature requirements.